{"id":891883,"date":"2017-03-30T11:36:28","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T17:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=891883"},"modified":"2017-03-30T11:36:28","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T17:36:28","slug":"connecticut-supreme-court-issues-important-clarification-independent-contractor-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/connecticut-supreme-court-issues-important-clarification-independent-contractor-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Connecticut Supreme Court Issues Important Clarification For Independent Contractor Test"},"content":{"rendered":"

Guy Brenner and Carolyn M. Dellatore | Proskauer<\/a> | March 23, 2017<\/p>\n

On March 21, 2017, the Connecticut Supreme Court issued an important ruling, finding that an individual\u00a0may be still considered an independent contractor under the state\u2019s Unemployment Insurance Act even if he\/she only provides services to one business or entity.\u00a0 In so doing, the Connecticut Supreme Court reversed a decision by the Unemployment Insurance Board finding certain workers to be employees simply because the putative employer could not show that they performed work for other companies.<\/p>\n

Procedural Background<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

In Southwest Appraisal Group, LLC v. Administrator, Unemployment Compensation Act<\/em>, the Plaintiff-Appellant, Southwest Appraisal Group, LLC (\u201cSouthwest\u201d) operated an automotive appraisal company and exclusively utilized independent contractors as its appraisers.\u00a0 The Connecticut Unemployment Insurance Administrator audited Southwest in 2011 and determined that certain of the contractors were in fact employees.\u00a0 The Administrator assessed back taxes against Southwest, who appealed the assessment to the Unemployment Insurance Board.\u00a0 The Board affirmed the Administrator\u2019s assessment with regard to three individuals.\u00a0 Southwest appealed the decision to the Connecticut Superior Court.<\/p>\n

The ABC Test and the Trial Court\u2019s Decision<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

In determining whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor for purposes of the Connecticut Unemployment Insurance Act, courts apply a three-prong \u201cABC test\u201d which examines the following factors in order to determine independent contractor status:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. the worker is free from direction and control of the employer;<\/li>\n
  2. the services the worker provides are outside the employer\u2019s usual course and\/or place of business; and<\/li>\n
  3. the worker is customarily engaged in an independently established business of the same nature as the services performed. See<\/em> CT General Statutes \u00a7 31-222 (a)(1)(B)(ii).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In order to be deemed an independent contractor, all three prongs of the ABC test must be met.<\/p>\n

    The trial court in Southwest<\/em> determined that, while the appraisers satisfied the first two prongs of the ABC test, they were not \u201ccustomarily engaged in an independently established business\u201d because they only provided appraisal services for Southwest.\u00a0 While the appraisers were all free to contract with other entities and owned their own appraisal businesses (with independently-maintained offices, equipment, and business cards) the trial court found that \u201cthere is no indication on this record that any of these three businesses would survive without their relationship with the plaintiff.\u201d\u00a0 According to the lower court, this economic dependency was dispositive to the analysis, as termination of the relationship with Southwest would \u201cresult in the unemployment of the putative employees.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Southwest appealed the decision to the Connecticut Supreme Court.\u00a0 The sole issue on appeal was whether part C of the ABC test does, in fact, require proof that the workers performed services for third parties other than the putative employer in order for them to be deemed independent contractors.<\/p>\n

    Analysis and Holding<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    The Connecticut Supreme Court reversed the trial court\u2019s decision, holding that the trial court placed too much emphasis on breadth of the contractors\u2019 client base. Rather, it held that the crux of the inquiry under part C is whether \u201cthe worker is wearing the hat of an employee of the employing company, or is wearing the hat of his own independent enterprise.\u201d\u00a0 The Court instructed that \u201cpart C must be considered in relation to the totality of the circumstances, with that inquiry guided by a multifactor test. . . . [J]ust as the mere freedom to provide services . . . for third parties is not by itself dispositive under part C . . . \u00a0whether the individual actually provided services for someone other than the employer is [not] dispositive proof of an employer-employee relationship.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

    The Court then provided a non-exhaustive list of ten factors to consider in \u201cevaluating the totality of the circumstances under part C\u201d:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. the existence of state licensure or specialized skills;<\/li>\n
    2. whether the putative employee holds himself or herself out as an independent business through the existence of business cards, printed invoices, or advertising;<\/li>\n
    3. the existence of a place of business separate from that of the putative employer;<\/li>\n
    4. the putative employee\u2019s capital investment in the independent business, such as vehicles and equipment;<\/li>\n
    5. whether the putative employee manages risk by handling his or her own liability insurance;<\/li>\n
    6. whether services are performed under the individual\u2019s own name as opposed to the putative employer;<\/li>\n
    7. whether the putative employee employs or subcontracts others;<\/li>\n
    8. whether the putative employee has a saleable business or going concern with the existence of an established clientele;<\/li>\n
    9. whether the individual performs services for more than one entity; and<\/li>\n
    10. whether the performance of services affects the goodwill of the putative employee rather than the employer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The Court added that \u201cimproper primacy\u201d should not be attributed to \u201cthe relative size or success of the putative employee\u2019s otherwise independent business in connection with the totality of the circumstances analysis under part C.\u201d\u00a0 Such emphasis on that particular factor would unfairly subject the putative employer to \u201cthe decisions of the putative employee and an unpredictable hindsight review,\u201d without consideration of \u2018\u2018the intent of the parties, the number of weekly hours the putative employee actually worked for the employer, or whether the putative employee even sought other work in the field.\u201d<\/p>\n

      Impact<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Southwest Appraisal Group, LLC v. Administrator, Unemployment Compensation Act<\/em> is a welcome development for Connecticut businesses that engage independent contractors, eliminating concern over the inflexible requirement that such workers must<\/em> provide services for third parties \u2013 a fact that, to the extent it is known to the principal, can change over time. Despite this favorable decision, companies should regularly evaluate their relationships with independent contractors under the \u201ctotality of the circumstances\u201d test described above, which certainly includes consideration of whether the worker provides services to others. Employers should likewise bear in mind that the Southwest<\/em> holding only addresses independent contractor classification under Connecticut\u2019s Unemployment Insurance Act. Companies in Connecticut that utilize independent contractors need to be aware that different tests applicable under other statutes and regulations, both state and federal, remain in effect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Guy Brenner and Carolyn M. Dellatore | Proskauer | March 23, 2017 On March 21, 2017, the Connecticut Supreme Court issued an important ruling, finding that an individual\u00a0may be still considered an independent contractor under the state\u2019s Unemployment Insurance Act even if he\/she only provides services to one business or entity.\u00a0 In so doing, the… Continue reading Connecticut Supreme Court Issues Important Clarification For Independent Contractor Test<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14],"tags":[9895,7853,410,9954],"class_list":["post-891883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-2","tag-advise-consult","tag-connecticut","tag-independent-contractor","tag-unemployment-insurance-act","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nConnecticut Supreme Court Issues Important Clarification For Independent Contractor Test - 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