{"id":893691,"date":"2018-02-28T09:27:43","date_gmt":"2018-02-28T16:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=893691"},"modified":"2018-02-28T13:37:41","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T20:37:41","slug":"pay-paid-enforced-opening-door-subcontractor-claim-owner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/pay-paid-enforced-opening-door-subcontractor-claim-owner\/","title":{"rendered":"Pay-if-Paid Enforced Opening Door to Subcontractor Claim Against Owner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Katharine E. Kohm | <a href=\"http:\/\/abaconstructionforumdivision1.blogspot.com\/2018\/02\/pay-if-paid-enforced-opening-door-to.html?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheDisputeResolver+%28The+Dispute+Resolver%29\" target=\"_blank\">The Dispute Resolver<\/a> | February 24, 2018<\/p>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">In\u00a0Superior Steel, Inc. v. Ascent at Roebling&#8217;s Bridge, LLC, No. 2015-SC-000204-DG, 2017 WL 6380218 (Ky. Dec. 14, 2017), a subcontractor and a sub-subcontractor\u00a0sued the\u00a0general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_261\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor<\/span>\u00a0and owner for the failure to pay for extra\u00a0work. The\u00a0general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_275\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor<\/span>\u00a0and owner cross-claimed against the other for, inter alia,\u00a0indemnification.\u00a0 At the jury trial, the subcontractors\u00a0recovered under theories\u00a0of implied contract and unjust enrichment.\u00a0 All parties appealed, in particular, as to the pay-if-paid jury instruction. The Court of Appeals vacated the judgment and remanded.\u00a0 In turn, all parties petitioned to the Supreme Court of Kentucky.<\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">The key questions in the petition were\u00a0whether the\u00a0pay-if-paid provision was enforceable\u00a0as between the general contractor and subcontractors and, if so,\u00a0whether the subcontractors could pursue the owner directly for payment notwithstanding the lack of privity between owner and subcontractors.<\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">The Supreme Court\u00a0concluded that, as a\u00a0result of the pay-if-paid clause,\u00a0the general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_903\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor<\/span>\u00a0had not\u00a0breached subcontract for\u00a0the failure to\u00a0pay for the subcontractor&#8217;s extra work.\u00a0\u00a0The relevant subcontract provisions stated:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">&#8220;no compensation . . .\u00a0for any claim arising out of the performance of this Subcontract, unless the Contractor has collected corresponding additional compensation from the owner, or other party involved&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">And more directly &#8211; &#8220;payment\u00a0[to] the Contractor from the Owner for the Subcontractor Work is a condition precedent to payment by the Contractor to Subcontractor. The Subcontractor hereby acknowledges that it relied on the credit of the Owner, not the Contractor for payment of the Subcontract Work.&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">Reading these together, the Supreme Court agreed that\u00a0the general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_929\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor&#8217;s\u00a0<\/span>receipt of payment from owner was a condition precedent to its obligation to pay the subcontractors.\u00a0 Because\u00a0the general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_946\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor<\/span>\u00a0did not receive payment from the owner, there could be no breach.\u00a0The Court did note that\u00a0&#8220;pay-if-paid clauses have fallen out of favor in some states, [but] the prohibition against their use has come from the legislature rather than the courts.&#8221; In Kentucky, no such statutory prohibition existed.<\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"copyWithRefReference\">However, because the\u00a0subcontractors were left with no useful contract remedy against general\u00a0<span id=\"co_term_549\" class=\"co_searchTerm\">contractor, the Court held that the subcontractors\u00a0<\/span>were not barred from bringing unjust enrichment claims against the owner.\u00a0 The Court acknowledged that\u00a0typically \u201cunjust enrichment is unavailable when the terms of an express contract control.\u201d\u00a0 But noted that, here, the &#8220;adequacy&#8221; of\u00a0a &#8220;legal remedy&#8221; (or the &#8220;actual realization of that contractual remedy&#8221;) was absent\u00a0due to the\u00a0&#8220;contractual gridlock&#8221; caused by the owner. \u00a0Indeed, if the contract was the only avenue for the subcontractors to obtain relief, that result would allow the\u00a0owner to take advantage of its own failure to pay after receiving\u00a0&#8220;a substantial benefit&#8221; from the subcontractors&#8217; work.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Katharine E. Kohm | The Dispute Resolver | February 24, 2018 In\u00a0Superior Steel, Inc. v. Ascent at Roebling&#8217;s Bridge, LLC, No. 2015-SC-000204-DG, 2017 WL 6380218 (Ky. Dec. 14, 2017), a subcontractor and a sub-subcontractor\u00a0sued the\u00a0general\u00a0contractor\u00a0and owner for the failure to pay for extra\u00a0work. The\u00a0general\u00a0contractor\u00a0and owner cross-claimed against the other for, inter alia,\u00a0indemnification.\u00a0 At the jury&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/pay-paid-enforced-opening-door-subcontractor-claim-owner\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Pay-if-Paid Enforced Opening Door to Subcontractor Claim Against Owner<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14,9,172],"tags":[9895,72,10339,157],"class_list":["post-893691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-2","category-construction-contracts","category-construction-law-2","tag-advise-consult","tag-construction-contracts-2","tag-pay-if-paid-provision","tag-subcontractor","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pay-if-Paid Enforced Opening Door to Subcontractor Claim Against Owner - Advise &amp; 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