{"id":894258,"date":"2018-05-23T15:58:03","date_gmt":"2018-05-23T21:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=894258"},"modified":"2018-05-23T15:58:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-23T21:58:03","slug":"tenth-circuits-prediction-new-york-state-likely-follow-trend-recognizing-damages-caused-subcontractors-faulty-work-covered-occurrence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/tenth-circuits-prediction-new-york-state-likely-follow-trend-recognizing-damages-caused-subcontractors-faulty-work-covered-occurrence\/","title":{"rendered":"The Tenth Circuit’s Prediction: New York State Likely to Follow Trend Recognizing Damages Caused by Subcontractor’s Faulty Work is a Covered “Occurrence”"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Frederic J. Giordano and Stephanie S. Gomez | K&L Gates<\/a>\u00a0| May 17, 2018<\/p>\n

The United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit recently issued a favorable decision for policyholders finding property damage arising from a subcontractor\u2019s faulty work arose from an accidental \u201coccurrence\u201d under New York law.\u00a0 In\u00a0Black & Veatch Corp. v. Aspen Ins. (UK) Ltd<\/em>,[1]<\/a>\u00a0a 2\u20131 Tenth Circuit panel agreed with Black & Veatch Corp. (\u201cB&V\u201d) that its excess policy \u2014 which contained a New York choice-of-law provision \u2014 covered claims for property damage to a third party caused by its subcontractor\u2019s faulty work.[2]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit reversed the district court\u2019s ruling that B&V\u2019s subcontractor\u2019s faulty work caused damage to only B&V\u2019s own work and, therefore, was not a covered \u201coccurrence.\u201d[3]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit concluded the New York Court of Appeals would likely find the subcontractor\u2019s faulty work was an accidental \u201coccurrence,\u201d following the growing trend of other state high courts that have addressed this coverage issue under commercial general liability (\u201cCGL\u201d) polices.[4]<\/a>\u00a0 Policyholders \u2014 whose policies are governed by New York law \u2014 should take notice and consider the implications of this decision on whether New York will soon join the majority view that faulty workmanship by a subcontractor can be an occurrence under CGL policies.<\/p>\n

In 2005, B&V, a Kansas engineering firm, entered into contracts with American Electrical Power Service Corporation (\u201cAEP\u201d) to engineer several jet bubbling reactors (\u201cJBRs\u201d) \u2014 which eliminate contaminants from the exhaust emitted by coal-fueled power plants \u2014 at four coal-fire power plants in Ohio and Indiana.[5]<\/a>\u00a0 B&V subcontracted the work for the JBRs\u2019 internal components.[6]<\/a>\u00a0 Deficiencies in the subcontractor\u2019s work caused the JBRs\u2019 internal components to deform, crack, and sometimes collapse.[7]<\/a>\u00a0 Subsequently, AEP notified B&V of the damaged JBRs arising from its subcontractor\u2019s faulty work.[8]<\/a>\u00a0 AEP and B&V settled the dispute, and B&V agreed to pay more than $225 million in repair and replacement costs for its subcontractor\u2019s defective internal components.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

After recovering $3.5 million from its primary insurer, B&V submitted coverage claims to Aspen Insurance Ltd. (\u201cAspen\u201d) under its excess CGL policy (the \u201cPolicy\u201d), which provided $25 million of limits per occurrence.[10]<\/a>\u00a0 Aspen denied coverage on the grounds that damage arising from and confined to B&V\u2019s own work was not an \u201coccurrence.\u201d[11]<\/a>\u00a0 In 2012, B&V filed suit against Aspen in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas for breach of contract and declaratory judgment as to B&V\u2019s rights under the Policy.[12]<\/a>\u00a0 Aspen cross-moved for partial summary judgment on the coverage issue.[13]<\/a>\u00a0 The district court granted Aspen\u2019s motion, holding property damage arising from the construction defects were not covered \u201coccurrences\u201d under the Policy because only B&V\u2019s own work product \u2014 the JBRs \u2014 was damaged by its subcontractor\u2019s faulty workmanship.[14]<\/a>\u00a0 B&V appealed.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

The issue before the Tenth Circuit was whether the New York Court of Appeals would find that the Policy covers a portion of B&V\u2019s payments to AEP to repair and replace the damaged JBRs.[16]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit predicted the Court of Appeals would decide that the damages to the JBRs constitute an \u201coccurrence\u201d that triggers coverage under the Policy and, therefore, vacated the district court\u2019s summary judgment decision.[17]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit\u2019s reasoning was based on, but not limited to, the Policy\u2019s language, New York\u2019s rule against surplusage, and the trend among state supreme courts.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

First, the Tenth Circuit held the subcontractor\u2019s shoddy work constituted an \u201coccurrence,\u201d as that term is defined in the Policy, because it was accidental and harmed a third party\u2019s property.\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit considered the Policy\u2019s (1) basic insuring agreement defining the general scope of coverage and key terms, (2) exclusions from coverage, and (3) exceptions to the exclusions.[19]<\/a>\u00a0 The Policy\u2019s basic insuring agreement held that Aspen would pay on behalf of B&V sums in excess of the liability limit provided by other insurance policies which B&V would \u201cbecome legally obligated to pay as damages for . . . \u2018Bodily Injury\u2019 or \u2018Property Damage\u2019 . . . caused by an \u2018Occurrence.\u2019\u201d[20]<\/a>\u00a0 An \u201cOccurrence\u201d was defined as \u201can accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions, that resulted in \u2018Bodily Injury\u2019 or \u2018Property Damage\u2019 that was not expected or not intended by the \u2018Insured\u2019.\u201d[21]<\/a>\u00a0 \u201cProperty Damage\u201d was defined as \u201cphysical injury to tangible property of a \u2018Third Party\u2019, including all resulting loss of use of that property of a \u2018Third Party\u2019 . . . .\u201d[22]<\/a>\u00a0 The Policy also defined \u201cThird Party\u201d as \u201cany company, entity, or human being other than an \u2018Insured\u2019 or other than a subsidiary, owned or controlled company or entity of an \u2018Insured\u2019.\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

The Tenth Circuit concluded the Policy covers damages arising from an \u201coccurrence,\u201d which includes an accident causing damage to the property of a third party \u2014 even though the term \u201caccident\u201d is not defined under the Policy.[24]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit reasoned B&V did not intend or expect its subcontractor to damage the JBRs.[25]<\/a>\u00a0 Because the JBRs\u2019 construction defects were unintentional, they constituted an accidental \u201coccurrence.\u201d[26]<\/a>\u00a0 Next, the Tenth Circuit considered Aspen\u2019s argument that damage to a third party did not occur since the Policy designated AEP as an additional insured, and the JBRs belonged to AEP.[27]<\/a>\u00a0 Disagreeing, the Court found that \u201cwhen AEP claimed damages against B&V, the separation of insureds clause rendered AEP a third party with respect to its claims for property damage against B&V.\u201d[28]<\/a>\u00a0 Thus, the damages involved physical harm to the property of a third party.<\/p>\n

In further support of the ruling that it is a covered \u201coccurrence,\u201d the Tenth Circuit noted that Aspen\u2019s interpretation of \u201coccurrence\u201d would render several Policy provisions \u201csurplusage,\u201d in violation of New York general principles of contract interpretation.[29]<\/a>\u00a0 The Policy included a \u201cYour Work\u201d exclusion that prohibited coverage for property damage to B&V\u2019s own\u00a0completed<\/em>\u00a0work.[30]<\/a>\u00a0 The \u201csubcontractor exception\u201d to the \u201cYour Work\u201d exclusion, however, provided that the exclusion did not apply \u201cif the damaged work or the work out of which the damage arises was performed on [B&V\u2019s] behalf by a subcontractor.\u201d[31]<\/a>\u00a0 The Policy further contained \u201cEndorsement 4,\u201d which excluded coverage for property damage to \u201cthat particular part<\/em>\u00a0of real property\u201d on which B&V or its subcontractor were actively working.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

Aspen\u2019s interpretation of \u201coccurrence\u201d excluded accidental damage to B&V\u2019s own work resulting from a subcontractor\u2019s faulty workmanship.[33]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit found that the Policy\u2019s \u201cYour Work\u201d exclusion and \u201csubcontractor exception\u201d would lose their meaning under Aspen\u2019s definition of \u201coccurrence\u201d because \u201cit would be redundant to say the Policy does not cover property damage to B&V\u2019s own work (as stated in the \u2018Your Work\u2019 exclusion) if the definition of \u2018occurrence\u2019 categorically and preemptively precludes coverage for such damages in the first instance.\u201d[34]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit further explained \u201cthere would there would be no reason for the Policy to state that it covers damages to [B&V]\u2019s work when \u2018the damaged work . . . was performed . . . by a subcontractor\u2019 if the basic insuring agreement does not encompass these damages.\u201d[35]<\/a>\u00a0 The Tenth Circuit further held Aspen\u2019s interpretation of an \u201coccurrence\u201d would also render part of \u201cEndorsement 4\u201d meaningless if faulty workmanship resulting in damage to B&V\u2019s own work could never trigger coverage as an \u201coccurrence.\u201d[36]<\/a>\u00a0 In essence, if the Policy could never cover damage to the B&V\u2019s work in the first instance, then there would be no reason for \u201cEndorsement 4\u201d to exclude coverage only for damage to a \u201cparticular part\u201d of the JBRs.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

General contractors should take note of the Tenth Circuit\u2019s policyholder-friendly decision in\u00a0Black & Veatch Corp.<\/em>, which provides guidance to insureds with policies governed by New York law.\u00a0 Although New York\u2019s highest court has not addressed whether construction defects caused by a subcontractor\u2019s defective work constitutes a covered \u201coccurrence\u201d under CGL polices, the Tenth Circuit came to a significant conclusion while interpreting New York law.\u00a0 Policyholders should keep an eye on whether New York \u201cjoins the clear trend\u201d among other states\u2019 interpretation of CGL coverage.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0882 F.3d 952 (10th Cir. 2018).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 971.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 957.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 971.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 954.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 955\u201356.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 956.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 956\u201357.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 956\u201357, 962.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 958.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 955.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em>\u00a0at 965.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em>\u00a0at 962\u201363.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 963.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 964.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 955.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 956.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 955 (emphasis in the original).<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 964.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a>\u00a0Id.\u00a0<\/em>at 965.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a>\u00a0Id.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Frederic J. Giordano and Stephanie S. Gomez | K&L Gates\u00a0| May 17, 2018 The United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit recently issued a favorable decision for policyholders finding property damage arising from a subcontractor\u2019s faulty work arose from an accidental \u201coccurrence\u201d under New York law.\u00a0 In\u00a0Black & Veatch Corp. v. Aspen Ins. (UK)… Continue reading The Tenth Circuit’s Prediction: New York State Likely to Follow Trend Recognizing Damages Caused by Subcontractor’s Faulty Work is a Covered “Occurrence”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,9914],"tags":[309,9895,8836,303],"class_list":["post-894258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-defects","category-insurance-coverage","tag-occurrence","tag-advise-consult","tag-faulty-work","tag-new-york","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Tenth Circuit's Prediction: New York State Likely to Follow Trend Recognizing Damages Caused by Subcontractor's Faulty Work is a Covered "Occurrence" - 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