{"id":894422,"date":"2018-06-21T12:01:33","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T18:01:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=894422"},"modified":"2018-06-21T12:01:33","modified_gmt":"2018-06-21T18:01:33","slug":"post-menchaca-independent-injury-rule-dead-alive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/post-menchaca-independent-injury-rule-dead-alive\/","title":{"rendered":"Post-Menchaca: Is the Independent Injury Rule Dead or Alive?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kay Morgan | Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog<\/a> | June 17, 2018<\/p>\n

Having undertaken to write about \u201call things\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>,\u201d this month is a review of five cases post-Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0which contradict one another in deciding whether the independent injury rule is dead or alive. Looking at the first set of cases post-Menchaca<\/em>, it appears that the answer to that question is a long way off.<\/p>\n

In my last blog post,\u00a0The Independent Injury Rule is Dead<\/em>, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in\u00a0Aldous v. Darwin National Assurance Company<\/em>, cited the April 13, 2018,\u00a0USAA Tex. Lloyds Company v. Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0opinion and declared,<\/p>\n

\u201cMenchaca<\/em>\u00a0repudiated the independent injury rule<\/strong>, clarifying instead that \u201c\u2018an insured who establishes a right to receive benefits under an insurance policy can recover those benefits as \u2018actual damages\u2019 under the statute if the insurer\u2019s statutory violations causes the loss of benefits.\u2019\u201d1<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Aldous<\/em>\u00a0involved a legal malpractice suit with a multitude of issues, counterclaims and cross-appeals.2<\/sup>\u00a0The underlying suit concerned litigation over two trusts and following the finality of that litigation, Aldous\u2019 client brought a malpractice suit against Aldous which triggered her professional liability insurer, Darwin\u2019s involvement. Aldous was successful in the malpractice suit but then sued Darwin alleging that Darwin did not pay enough to fully cover the costs of her malpractice defense. Aldous alleged against Darwin breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing and violations of the Texas Insurance Code, among others. The court found that Aldous\u2019 Chapter 541 Texas Insurance Code claims were barred as a matter of law under\u00a0Parkans International LLC v. Zurich Insurance Company<\/em>3<\/sup>\u00a0because Aldous had not established an injury independent of the injury that would have resulted from a wrongful denial of policy benefits. Aldous appealed the results of her suit against Darwin and in particular, asked the Fifth Circuit to reverse\u00a0Parkans<\/em>. After finding that \u201cMenchaca<\/em>\u00a0repudiated the independent injury rule\u201d as quoted above, the Fifth Circuit wrote: \u201c[p]ut simply,\u00a0Parkans<\/em>\u2019s categorical bar does not hold up in the face of\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>.<\/strong>\u201d4<\/sup><\/p>\n

Subsequent to\u00a0Aldous<\/em>, the Amarillo Court of Appeals in\u00a0Turner v. Peerless Indemnity Insurance Company<\/em>,5<\/sup>\u00a0declared the opposite of the holding in\u00a0Aldous<\/em>\u00a0by the Fifth Circuit. The\u00a0Turner<\/em>\u00a0court held:\u00a0\u201c[t]he independent injury rule is alive and well, as reiterated by the Texas Supreme Court in its recent\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0opinion and recognized by us in\u00a0Abdalla<\/em>,<\/strong>\u00a02018 Tex. App. LEXIS 3358, at *9-10.\u201d\u00a0Turner<\/em>\u00a0is the first appraisal case that has applied the April 13, 2018,\u00a0Menchaca\u00a0<\/em>opinion. Following appraisal, as is the routine with all insurance companies, Peerless moved for summary judgment on all of Turner\u2019s claims and the court granted it. The Amarillo Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court\u2019s dismissal by summary judgment of Turner\u2019s breach of contract and extra-contractual claims. In affirming the dismissal of the extra-contractual claims, the court determined that Turner had failed to provide any evidence of an independent injury upon which to base his extra-contractual claims aside from the damages represented by supposedly lost policy benefits. In affirming the trial court\u2019s granting of summary judgment on Turner\u2019s extra-contractual claims, the Turner court made an extensive review of\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u2019s discussion of the independent injury rule.6<\/sup>\u00a0The court rejected Turner\u2019s contention that the damages in the policy benefits he lost due to Peerless\u2019 statutory violations can be recovered under the bad faith statute, and instead found:<\/p>\n

As can be seen, his [Turner\u2019s] argument remains focused on the benefits recoverable under the policy, which benefits have already been paid. But, under what we perceived to be\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u2019s explanation of the independent injury rule, his injury cannot be so predicated. It must be independent of what he claims he lost \u2018out on\u2019 under the policy. Thus, the decision to grant summary judgment upon the extra-contractual claims urged by [Peerless] has the support of at least one ground, and we overrule the second issue.7<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thus, the Amarillo Court of Appeals in\u00a0Turner<\/em>\u00a0finds that the independent injury rule is alive and well. The same panel of Amarillo judges in\u00a0Turner<\/em>\u00a0wrote the opinion in\u00a0Abdalla<\/em>, another appraisal case, and in relevant part, stated:<\/p>\n

The need of an independent injury to support extra-contractual causes of action was reaffirmed in\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>. After discussing its own precedent, the Supreme Court first reiterated that \u2018an insured can recover actual damages caused by the insurer\u2019s bad faith conduct if the damages are separate from and\u2026differ from benefits under the contract.\u2019\u201d [Cites omitted.] Then, it observed that damages were recoverable \u2018only if [they] are truly independent of the insured\u2019s right to receive policy benefits.\u20198<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Two more opinions citing Menchaca were handed down on June 6, 2018: another Fifth Circuit opinion,\u00a0Certain Underwriters at Lloyd\u2019s of London v. Lowen Valley View<\/em>,9<\/sup>\u00a0and another Texas Supreme Court case,\u00a0State Farm Lloyds v. Fuentes<\/em>.10<\/sup><\/p>\n

In\u00a0Lowen Valley<\/em>, the insurer brought a declaratory judgment action that it owed no benefits under a commercial property insurance policy and the insured, Lowen Valley, counterclaimed for declaratory judgment, breach of the insurance contract, and violations of the Texas Insurance Code. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of the insurer on all claims and the Fifth Circuit affirmed. In reaching that decision, the Fifth Circuit found that Lowen Valley\u2019s Texas Insurance Code claims were based on unpaid coverage benefits rather than some independent injury and when Lowen Valley\u2019s breach of contract claim fell, so did its extra-contractual claims. The appellate court wrote:<\/p>\n

See USAA Tex. Lloyds Co. v. Menchaca<\/em>, 14-0721, 2018 WOL 1866041, at *5 (Tex. 13, 2018) (\u201c[A]n insured cannot recover\u00a0any\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>damages based on an insurer\u2019s statutory violation if the insured had no right to receive benefits under the policy and sustained no injury independent of a right to benefits.\u201d).11<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The final case this blog,\u00a0State Farm Lloyds v. Fuentes<\/em>, was a Hurricane Ike suit and following a trial, the trial court disregarded two jury\u2019s findings that the Fuenteses had breached the insurance contract as well as State Farm and that the Fuenteses had breached it first. The trial court rendered judgment for the Fuenteses, awarding them $18,818.39 for amounts owed under the policy, $27,000 for mental-anguish damages, $7,527 in statutory penalties, and more than $300,000 in attorney\u2019s fees. State Farm appealed. Houston\u2019s Fourteenth Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court judgment. State Farm appealed again. The Texas Supreme Court held:<\/p>\n

[We] conclude simply that the considerations that led us to remand for a new trial in\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0similarly dictate that State Farm\u2019s first issue\u2014whether the trial court properly disregarded some of the jury\u2019s findings\u2014should be remanded to the court of appeals for reconsideration in light of\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>.\u00a0See<\/em>\u00a0TEX. R. APP. R. 60.2(f).12<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Interestingly, both\u00a0Fuentes<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0involved a trial court\u2019s disregarding specific jury findings in reaching their judgments and both have been remanded for new trial. In\u00a0Fuentes<\/em>, the trial court disregarded two jury findings that Fuentes breached the contract and breached it first before State Farm, who was also found to have breached the contract. The\u00a0Fuentes<\/em>\u00a0court remanded the suit to the court of appeals in light of\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>. In\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>, the trial court disregarded jury question No. 1 in which the jury found that USAA had not failed to comply with its obligations under the policy. The supreme court found that that the trial court erred in disregarding the jury\u2019s answer to question No. 1. The court also held that a plaintiff does not have to prevail on a separate breach of contract claim to recover policy benefits for a statutory violation.\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0was remanded to the trial court for a new trial.<\/p>\n

In addition to these two appeals, more new cases relying on\u00a0Menchaca<\/em>\u00a0will continue to trickle down and, no doubt, that trickle will bring more new interpretations. It is still too early to definitively declare whether the independent injury rule is dead or alive.
\n___________________________
\n1<\/sup>\u00a0Aldous v. Darwin National Assurance Co.<\/em>, No. 16-10537 (5th Cir. May 11, 2018)(emphasis added).
\n2<\/sup>\u00a0See<\/em>\u00a0Aldous v. Darwin National Assurance Co.<\/em>, 851 F.3d 473 (5th Cir. 2017).
\n3<\/sup>\u00a0Parkans International LLC v. Zurich Ins. Co.<\/em>, 299 F.3d 514 (5th Cir. 2002).
\n4<\/sup>\u00a0Id.<\/em>\u00a0(emphasis added).
\n5<\/sup>\u00a0Turner v. Peerless Indemnity Ins. Co.<\/em>, 2018 WL 2709489 (Tex. App.\u2014Amarillo June 5, 2018).
\n6<\/sup>\u00a0Id.<\/em>\u00a0at 2018 WL 2709489, at ** 3-5.
\n7<\/sup>\u00a0Id.<\/em>\u00a0at 2018 WL 2709489, at *5.
\n8<\/sup>\u00a0Abdalla v. Farmers Ins. Exch.<\/em>, 2018 WL 2220269, at * 5 (Tex. Civ.\u2014Amarillo, May 14, 2018).
\n9<\/sup>\u00a0Certain Underwriters at Lloyd\u2019s of London v. Lowen Valley View, LLC<\/em>, No. 17-10914 (5th Cir. June 6, 2018).
\n10<\/sup>\u00a0State Farm Lloyds v. Fuentes<\/em>, No. 16-369, 2018 WL 274919 (Tex. June 6, 2018).
\n11<\/sup>\u00a0Lowen Valley<\/em>\u00a0at 8. (emphasis in the original).
\n12<\/sup>\u00a0Fuentes<\/em>, 2018 WL 2749719, at *2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kay Morgan | Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog | June 17, 2018 Having undertaken to write about \u201call things\u00a0Menchaca,\u201d this month is a review of five cases post-Menchaca\u00a0which contradict one another in deciding whether the independent injury rule is dead or alive. Looking at the first set of cases post-Menchaca, it appears that the answer… Continue reading Post-Menchaca: Is the Independent Injury Rule Dead or Alive?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10235,9914],"tags":[9895,10504,131,23,10505],"class_list":["post-894422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance-appraisal","category-insurance-coverage","tag-advise-consult","tag-independent-injury-rule","tag-insurance-appraisal","tag-insurance-coverage","tag-menchaca","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nPost-Menchaca: Is the Independent Injury Rule Dead or Alive? 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