{"id":896483,"date":"2019-09-25T13:45:18","date_gmt":"2019-09-25T19:45:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=896483"},"modified":"2019-09-25T13:45:26","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T19:45:26","slug":"does-christian-doctrine-apply-to-subcontractors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/does-christian-doctrine-apply-to-subcontractors\/","title":{"rendered":"Does The Christian Doctrine Apply To Subcontractors?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>George Stewart, III | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.contractorsperspective.com\/subcontracting-2\/does-the-christian-doctrine-apply-to-subcontractors\/\">Husch Blackwell<\/a> | September 16, 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine, prime contractors face the risk of having a court or a board of contract appeals read a clause into their contracts, even if it was omitted from the contract that they signed. In this entry we discuss whether the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine applies to subcontractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.contractorsperspective.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/649\/2019\/09\/Rooftop-Air-Conditioner-320x206.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3728\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0<em>Christian<\/em>\u00a0Doctrine is almost certainly\u00a0<em>inapplicable<\/em>\u00a0to subcontractors. For the reasons why, consider the decision in\u00a0<em>Energy Labs, Inc. v. Edwards Engineering, Inc.<\/em>, (N.D. Ill. June 2, 2015). A subcontractor contracted to manufacture and deliver HVAC systems for the Chicago Transit Authority. In its own contract, the prime contractor certified that the HVAC system would comply with the Buy America Act. But the prime contractor failed to flow the requirement down to the HVAC manufacturer, which planned to manufacture the units in Mexico. After learning that the plan to manufacture the units in Mexico would not meet the Buy America requirement, the prime contractor canceled the order and purchased the units from another manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The original manufacturer sued for breach of contract. In its motion to dismiss, the prime contractor made two arguments. The subcontract was \u201cillegal\u201d because it omitted the Buy America requirement. Or it was legal only because the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine meant that the Buy America requirement was read into the subcontract by operation of law. The court rejected both arguments. There was nothing \u201cillegal\u201d about the prime\u2019s failure to include a Buy America requirement in the subcontract. And there was no basis to read the requirement into the subcontract through the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine. \u201cThe&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;doctrine . . . was intended to apply to contracts between the federal government and government contractors, not to subcontracts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This result is consistent with our experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another court addressed this topic tangentially, but did not offer any firm conclusions as to whether the\u00a0<em>Christian\u00a0<\/em>Doctrine applies to subcontractors.\u00a0In\u00a0<em>UPMC Braddock v. Harris<\/em>, 934 F. Supp. 2d 238, 258 (D.D.C. 2013), the District Court for the District of Columbia considered whether Department of Labor regulations applicable to both \u201ccontractors\u201d and \u201csubcontractors\u201d extend to hospitals that provide medical services and supplies to federal employees. In seeking to avoid the requirement, the hospitals argued that they were not subcontractors at all. Even if they were, they asserted that the\u00a0<em>Christian<\/em>\u00a0Doctrine would not allow DOL to enforce regulatory requirements that had been omitted from their contracts because the\u00a0<em>Christian<\/em>\u00a0Doctrine did not extend to subcontracts. In the court\u2019s view, this argument missed the point. The hospitals provided services that would make them subcontractors governed by regulatory provisions that extend to subcontractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision in&nbsp;<em>UPMC Braddock<\/em>&nbsp;is not reliable authority for the argument that the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine extends to subcontractors. First, the district court\u2019s decision was vacated while the appeal was pending. Congress passed legislation conclusively rejecting DOL\u2019s argument that hospitals would be considered subcontractors. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthcarelawinsights.com\/2014\/04\/dol-concedes-congresss-intent-that-tricare-providers-not-be-considered-ofccp-subcontractors\/\">Read more about this litigation here<\/a>.] Second, the decision does not hold that the&nbsp;<em>Christian<\/em>&nbsp;Doctrine offers a basis to incorporate a contract clause into a subcontract by operation of law. Rather, the decision holds that a party found to be a subcontractor is governed by&nbsp;<em>regulations<\/em>&nbsp;that are themselves explicitly applicable to subcontractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prime contractors and subcontractors at every tier pay careful attention to flowdown requirements incorporating applicable federal policies. They know that their respective rights and duties must be set forth in a contract that won\u2019t be supplemented or revised during litigation. For good reason. The\u00a0<em>Christian<\/em>\u00a0Doctrine is not intended to protect the prime contractor or the subcontractor. It is intended to protect the government.\u00a0<em>G.L. Christian &amp; Assocs. v. United States<\/em>, 320 F.2d 345, 351 (Ct. Cl. 1963).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>George Stewart, III | Husch Blackwell | September 16, 2019 Under the&nbsp;Christian&nbsp;Doctrine, prime contractors face the risk of having a court or a board of contract appeals read a clause into their contracts, even if it was omitted from the contract that they signed. In this entry we discuss whether the&nbsp;Christian&nbsp;Doctrine applies to subcontractors. The\u00a0Christian\u00a0Doctrine&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/does-christian-doctrine-apply-to-subcontractors\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Does The Christian Doctrine Apply To Subcontractors?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9],"tags":[9895,10673,224,157],"class_list":["post-896483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-contracts","tag-advise-consult","tag-christian-doctrine","tag-construction-contract","tag-subcontractor","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Does The Christian Doctrine Apply To Subcontractors? 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