{"id":897077,"date":"2020-02-18T15:04:49","date_gmt":"2020-02-18T22:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=897077"},"modified":"2020-02-18T15:05:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T22:05:04","slug":"subcontractor-potentially-recover-from-contractor-outside-scoop-of-contract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/subcontractor-potentially-recover-from-contractor-outside-scoop-of-contract\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial Division Opinion Suggests that Subcontractor Can Potentially Recover From General Contractor and Property Owner for Work Outside Scope of Subcontract"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Benjamin F. Jackson and Stephen P. Younger | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=897a32ab-933b-4a84-9eec-9c2f41508e01\">Patterson Belknap Webb &amp; Tyler<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose a property owner hires a general contractor for a time-sensitive project. The general contractor in turn hires a subcontractor. After the project hits some snags and delays, the property owner tries to move things along by assuring the subcontractor that it will get paid for certain additional tasks that the owner requests. However, the subcontractor never enters into a formal written agreement covering the additional work. If the subcontractor is not fully paid for the work, can it successfully sue the property owner, the general contractor, or both for contractual or quasi-contractual damages? A recent decision by Justice Andrea Masley of the Commercial Division in\u00a0<em>Corporate Electrical Technologies, Inc. v. Structure Tone, Inc<\/em>.<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\">[i]<\/a>\u00a0suggests that in certain circumstances, the answer is yes: the subcontractor can recover from the property owner or the general contractor for the additional work, even absent a written contract covering that work, based on the parties\u2019 course of conduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahead of the 2014 holiday shopping season, Macy\u2019s embarked on a multi-million-dollar renovation of its flagship store at Herald Square in Manhattan. As part of this project, Macy\u2019s hired general contractor Structure Tone, Inc. (\u201cthe GC\u201d) to transform the store\u2019s basement into a retail space for high-end men\u2019s clothing and other merchandise. STI in turn hired subcontractor Corporate Electrical Technologies, Inc. (\u201cthe Sub\u201d), which began work in June 2014. Over time the project became delayed, leading the Sub to submit a number of change orders for additional work and causing Macy\u2019s to become more actively involved in the management of the project through its project manager, Erik Carlson.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[ii]<\/a>&nbsp;After the Sub claimed to have been underpaid $1.85 million, it brought an action alleging breach of contract,&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>, account stated and violations of the Prompt Payment Act against both Macy&#8217;s and the GC.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[iii]<\/a>&nbsp;Following discovery, Macy\u2019s and the GC each moved for summary judgment dismissing these causes of action. The Commercial Division, in a decision by Justice Masley, denied the motions.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[iv]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Commercial Division first addressed the GC\u2019s and Macy\u2019s motions to dismiss the Sub\u2019s&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>&nbsp;claim. In support of its position, the GC submitted: (a) a signed written subcontract, (b) a statement from a senior account executive that the GC \u201cfelt constrained to proceed under the amended terms\u201d of the subcontract, and (c) 23 change orders submitted by the Sub. Because even an unsigned contract may be enforceable if \u201cthere is objective evidence establishing that the parties intended to be bound\u201d by it,<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[v]<\/a>&nbsp;and because \u201cquasi-contractual remedies such as&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>&nbsp;are generally \u2018unavailable where there exists a valid and enforceable agreement governing the particular subject matter,\u2019\u201d<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[vi]<\/a>&nbsp;the burden accordingly shifted to the Sub on the&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>&nbsp;claim.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sub, in turn, submitted an affidavit from its COO, who affirmed that the parties never entered into the written subcontract agreement because he made extensive revisions to a draft subcontract received from the GC and sent it back with his signature, but the GC had acted as if they had rejected this revised version. The Sub also submitted an email from the GC stating: \u201cPayments cannot and will not be processed for non-Executed Subcontracts.\u201d This email purportedly indicated that the GC and the Sub were not adhering to the written subcontract but rather to a different earlier agreement as to the scope and price of the Sub\u2019s work. Further, according to the Sub, Macy\u2019s project manager, Carlson, had directly instructed the Sub to perform additional work beyond the scope of this original agreement and had assured the Sub that it would get paid for that work.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[viii]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Commercial Division concluded that in light of this evidence, the Sub had demonstrated the existence of factual issues requiring a trial, specifically as to the existence and scope of an agreement covering the various projects performed by the Sub. In any event, the&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>&nbsp;claim against the GC could proceed to trial because the GC had admitted that the Sub had performed work \u201coutside the original scope of [the Sub\u2019s] subcontract.\u201d And the&nbsp;<em>quantum meruit<\/em>&nbsp;claim against Macy\u2019s could proceed to trial because Macy\u2019s \u201cmay have expressly consented to pay for [the Sub\u2019s] performance,\u201d which meant that the usual preclusion of quasi-contract claims by a subcontractor against a property owner may not apply. Accordingly, the Commercial Division denied the defendants\u2019 motions for summary judgment seeking dismissal of the Sub\u2019s quasi-contract claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Commercial Division also ruled that there were issues of fact concerning the Sub\u2019s breach of contract claim which sought delay damages. For instance, although the documents submitted by the Sub were silent as to delay damages, the written contract submitted by the GC contained a delay-damages provision. As a result, a jury would need to resolve the existence and scope of an agreement covering the Sub\u2019s additional work. Further, while the GC argued that the Sub waived its right to delay damages by signing written change orders indicating that compensation was for \u201call direct and indirect costs associated with each agreed upon change,\u201d this language was too ambiguous for the court to find a binding waiver. And although two of the Sub\u2019s requests for payment contained more explicit language waiving delays and additional compensation, there were questions as to whether the parties\u2019 course of conduct indicated that they did not actually intend for there to be such a waiver.<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbwt.com\/ny-commercial-division-blog\/commercial-division-opinion-suggests-that-subcontractor-can-potentially-recover-from-general-contractor-and-property-owner-for-work-outside-scope-of-subcontract\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[ix]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Corporate Electrical<\/em>&nbsp;suggests that in some circumstances, a subcontractor can recover from a property owner or a general contractor for additional work beyond the scope of the initial subcontractor agreement, even in the absence of a written contract covering the additional work. Whether the recovery of damages in such a case is possible may depend on the written evidence submitted by the parties as well as other evidence of the parties\u2019 course of conduct.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Benjamin F. Jackson and Stephen P. Younger | Patterson Belknap Webb &amp; Tyler Suppose a property owner hires a general contractor for a time-sensitive project. The general contractor in turn hires a subcontractor. After the project hits some snags and delays, the property owner tries to move things along by assuring the subcontractor that it&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/subcontractor-potentially-recover-from-contractor-outside-scoop-of-contract\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Commercial Division Opinion Suggests that Subcontractor Can Potentially Recover From General Contractor and Property Owner for Work Outside Scope of Subcontract<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9],"tags":[11086,9895,224,157],"class_list":["post-897077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-contracts","tag-additional-work","tag-advise-consult","tag-construction-contract","tag-subcontractor","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Commercial Division Opinion Suggests that Subcontractor Can Potentially Recover From General Contractor and Property Owner for Work Outside Scope of Subcontract - Advise &amp; 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