{"id":897409,"date":"2020-04-30T11:55:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T17:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=897409"},"modified":"2020-04-30T11:56:01","modified_gmt":"2020-04-30T17:56:01","slug":"drones-development-construction-urban-areas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/drones-development-construction-urban-areas\/","title":{"rendered":"Time to Reconsider Permitting Use of Drones for Development and Construction in Dense Urban Areas?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Virginia Trunkes | Construction Law Zone<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19\u2019s severe impact on some major metropolitan areas has been attributed to their density, infrastructure and inherent difficulty with \u201csocial distancing.\u201d This same challenge with social distancing has led to either mandatory or pressured shutdowns of construction projects throughout many states and metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, and particularly during the shutdowns, building-safety mandates require that some people still physically be at the projects to ensure ongoing compliance \u2013 especially important where a half-complete project can result in its own safety problems. Simultaneously, to complete new real estate transactions, investigations of sites must still be performed for due diligence data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Could commercial drones<\/a>,\u00a0i.e.,<\/em>\u00a0small unmanned aircraft systems (\u201csUAS\u201d), assist in these aspects to continue development and construction while mitigating health risks?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are a myriad of benefits to sUAS<\/a> use in real estate and construction. sUAS can capture images and videos that are typically difficult to obtain, share information in real-time and collect data frequently. This can lead to more knowledgeable decision-making on a more regular basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For instance, at the beginning of a transaction during due diligence, sUAS footage can prove the existence of assets, and can survey areas with added details about the landscape and topography. sUAS can get much closer to their intended objects than a helicopter, and deliver better, higher-quality pictures. Plus, their aerial images can be converted into maps and 3-D models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At ongoing job sites, with their ability to reach \u201chard-to-get\u201d to locations, sUAS can perform crucial safety inspections by, e.g.<\/em>, gauging the solidity of the structures and fixtures, and observing trespassing and theft. New technology such as thermal, infrared and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) sensors can help contractors spot problems in advance. And sUAS\u2019 ability to view high-up facades with more breadth and frequency than human manual inspections could ensure greater safety to street pedestrians. (Just think of how these features could also result in lowered insurance premiums.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In parts of the country and world where there do not exist highly stringent regulations for sUAS, sUAS use in real estate and construction has risen exponentially. Yet, commercial use of sUAS is prohibited in most portions of major metropolitan areas because, essentially, of their density. All sUAS must comply with FAA regulations. In comparison to unmanned air systems weighing 55 pounds or more (think Department of Defense), sUAS fall under \u201cPart 107\u201d rules\u00a0(14. C.F.R. Part 107). Part 107 rules are straightforward, but plentiful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The FAA offers operators of sUAS the opportunity to apply for a waiver from some of Part 107\u2019s restrictions, which are granted on a case by case basis. But without a waiver from the FAA, the potential of sUAS for development and construction in dense urban areas cannot be realized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For instance, the FAA prohibits operation of a sUAS over any persons not \u201cdirectly participating\u201d in the operation. That inherently presents a challenge in a highly-populated area. Additionally, the FAA permits operation of a sUAS only during\u00a0daylight. Yet, there may be a circumstances outside of daytime hours prompting the need for an aerial investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Assuming one could obtain a waiver for flying over people and at night, or otherwise block off a city street area (which requires a city permit) for a building analysis\/safety check, the\u00a0type<\/em>\u00a0of airspace above may present an obstacle. The FAA prohibits sUAS use within many types of categorized\u00a0airspace\u00a0(airspace ranges from Class A through G) without the required permission.\u00a0Class B\u00a0airspace contains at least one primary airport around which the airspace is designated. Operating an aircraft within a Class B airspace area requires Air Traffic Control\u00a0clearance. Exemptions\u00a0may<\/em>\u00a0be granted, through the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability)\u00a0(LAANC)\u00a0application process. But they are discretionary, and in any event the necessary \u201clow altitude ceiling\u201d means for flights less than\u00a0400 feet high, which on average is a 40-story building. Today\u2019s super skyscrapers, which would benefit the most from sUAS inspections, would not benefit from the LAANC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In many cases outside of restricted airspace, use of a sUAS to view a skyscraper would actually comply with the FAA\u2019s height restrictions: the altitude of the sUAS cannot be higher than 400 feet above ground level,\u00a0unless\u00a0it (1) is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure; and (2) does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure\u2019s immediate uppermost limit. One operating a sUAS to evaluate a tall building would not need or want to go beyond those distances. That said, this exception would not apply in fog or where there exists low clouds, as the minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than\u00a0500 feet below the cloud. Add to that the requirement that sUAS be operated within a\u00a0visual line of sight\u00a0and the benefits for which the sUAS could otherwise be used would be defeated. Practically speaking, these restrictions would prevent the use of commercial sUAS for quite a few buildings typically in cities\u2019 downtown areas; think Boston\u2019s Financial District, Miami\u2019s Brickell, and Philadelphia\u2019s Center City neighborhoods, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New York City has its own, additional set of prohibitions. Neither LaGuardia nor JFK are\u00a0participating airports\u00a0in the LAANC program. Further, while city agencies like the NYPD and FDNY perform sUAS use for their operations, New York City Administrative Code \u00a7 10-126(c) makes it \u201cunlawful for any person navigating an aircraft to take off or land, except in an emergency, at any place within the limits of the city other than places of landing designated\u00a0 by the department of transportation or the port of New York authority.\u201d This law is 60 years old. There have been\u00a0attempts\u00a0to amend this section by making \u201ctechnical and conforming changes\u201d such as restricting the times, locations and altitudes at which sUAS may be operated, but thus far to no avail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ironically, perhaps the same basis for prohibiting local commercial use of sUAS will be the basis for embracing them. If a (well-sanitized) sUAS can perform many functions of a person \u2013 and often more than one person \u2013 without creating a risk of contagion to itself or others, then exposure to infectious diseases can be minimized even more so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, more people than ever are working and \u201cmeeting\u201d remotely through the use of sophisticated technology. Simultaneously, administrative agencies are temporarily relaxing certain regulatory standards to better address the health crisis. The confluence of sophisticated technology and a need to make exceptions to otherwise appropriate limitations could create the right temperature to introduce sUAS to city construction sites. Just as\u00a0\u201cTommy the Robot\u201d\u00a0has been assisting doctors and nurses at a northern Italy hospital, this \u00a0may be commercial sUAS \u201ctime to shine\u201d in our urban areas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Virginia Trunkes | Construction Law Zone COVID-19\u2019s severe impact on some major metropolitan areas has been attributed to their density, infrastructure and inherent difficulty with \u201csocial distancing.\u201d This same challenge with social distancing has led to either mandatory or pressured shutdowns of construction projects throughout many states and metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, and particularly during the… Continue reading Time to Reconsider Permitting Use of Drones for Development and Construction in Dense Urban Areas?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14],"tags":[9895,9304,11149,11151,11150],"class_list":["post-897409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-2","tag-advise-consult","tag-construction-drones","tag-drone","tag-small-unmanned-aircraft-systems","tag-suas","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nTime to Reconsider Permitting Use of Drones for Development and Construction in Dense Urban Areas? 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