{"id":897705,"date":"2020-07-15T11:42:08","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T17:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=897705"},"modified":"2020-07-17T10:54:08","modified_gmt":"2020-07-17T16:54:08","slug":"nevada-revises-rules-of-civil-procedure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/nevada-revises-rules-of-civil-procedure\/","title":{"rendered":"May the Nevada Legislature Constitutionally Revise the Rules of Civil Procedure?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Michael Lowry, Esq. and Nathaniel Saxe | Nevada Lawyer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On March 1, 2019, Nevada\u2019s revised rules of civil procedure<\/a> took effect after a lengthy editing process. Some of the changes were generally supported, while others were enacted over dissent. In at least one instance, the dissenters took their proposed changes to the subsequent Legislature and successfully lobbied for those changes to be enacted into law. But is that statute a constitutionally permissible exercise of the Legislature\u2019s power?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rule 35 vs. NRS 52.380<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The revised rules significantly changed Rule 35. When the draft changes were published for public comment, there were three proposed drafts for Rule 35. Eventually one of the drafts was adopted and took effect on March 1, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On March 18, 2019, AB 285 was introduced. The legislative minutes make clear AB 285 was expressly intended to implement changes to Rule 35. Supporters noted what became AB 285 was rejected during the process that led to Nevada\u2019s amended rules of civil procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We voted 7-to-1 to make substantial changes, the changes that are set forth or embodied in the bill before you, Assembly Bill 285. Unfortunately, when our recommendations went to the full Supreme Court of Nevada, they rejected our changes for reasons we are still not clear on. At that point, we reassessed our position.1

The bill passed both chambers, the governor signed it on May 23, 2019, and
it took effect on October 1, 2019, as NRS 52.380. Rule 35 is compared with NRS 52.380 below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rule 35<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Observers at the Examination. The party against whom an examination is sought may request as a condition of the examination to have an observer present at the examination. When making the request, the party must identify the observer and state his or her relationship to the party being examined. The observer may not be the party\u2019s attorney or anyone employed by the party or the party\u2019s attorney.
(A) The party may have one observer present for the examination, unless:
(i) the examination is a neuropsychological, psychological, or psychiatric examination; or
(ii) the court orders otherwise for good cause shown.
(B) The party may not have any observer present for a neuropsychological, psychological, or psychiatric examination, unless the court orders otherwise for good cause shown.
(C) An observer must not in any way interfere, obstruct, or participate in the examination.
(3) Recording the Examination. On request of a party or the examiner, the court may, for good cause shown, require as a condition of the examination that the examination be audio recorded. The party or examiner who requests the audio recording must arrange and pay for the recording and provide a copy of the recording on written request. The examiner and all persons present must be notified before the examination begins that it is being recorded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No equivalent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NRS 52.380<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. An observer may attend an examination but shall not participate in or disrupt the examination.<\/li>
  2. The observer attending the examination pursuant to subsection 1 may be:
    (a) An attorney of an examinee or party producing the examinee; or
    (b) A designated representative of the attorney, if:
    (1) The attorney of the examinee or party producing the examinee, in writing, authorizes the designated representative to act on behalf of the attorney during the examination; and
    (2) The designated representative presents the authorization to the examiner before the commencement of the examination.<\/li>
  3. The observer attending the examination pursuant to subsection 1 may make an audio or stenographic recording of the examination.<\/li>
  4. The observer attending the examination pursuant to subsection 1 may suspend the examination if an examiner:
    (a) Becomes abusive towards an examinee; or
    (b) Exceeds the scope of the examination, including, without limitation, engaging in unauthorized diagnostics, tests or procedures.<\/li>
  5. An examiner may suspend the examination if the observer attending the examination pursuant to subsection 1 disrupts or attempts to participate in the examination.<\/li>
  6. If the examination is suspended pursuant to subsection 4 or 5, the party ordered to produce the examinee may move for a protective order pursuant to the Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Rules of Civil Procedure vs. Legislative Enactments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The constitutional problem arises due to the separation of powers built
    into Nevada\u2019s constitution.2 Each of government\u2019s three branches is equal.
    \u201cIn keeping with this theory, the judiciary has the inherent power to
    govern its own procedures.\u201d3 NRS 2.120 expressly recognized that authority. \u201cThe judiciary is entrusted with rule-making and other incidental powers reasonable and necessary to carry out the duties required for the administration of justice and to economically and fairly manage
    litigation.\u201d4 This means \u201cthe legislature may not enact a procedural statute that conflicts with a pre-existing procedural rule, without violating the doctrine of separation of powers, and such a statute is of no effect.\u201d5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In addition to the constitutionally mandated bases for keeping separate
    those inherent powers of the judiciary, leaving control of court rules and
    the administration of justice to the judiciary, and thereby placing the responsibility for the system\u2019s continued effectiveness with those most familiar with the latest issues and the experience and flexibility to more quickly bring into effect workable solutions and amendments, makes good sense.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The judiciary\u2019s authority \u201cto promulgate procedural rules is independent of legislative power, and may not be diminished or compromised by the legislature. \u2026 Furthermore, where, as here, a rule of procedure is
    promulgated in conflict with a preexisting procedural statute, the rule
    supersedes the statute and controls.\u201d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Is NRS 52.380 Constitutional?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    NRS 52.380\u2019s constitutionality may rest on whether it is a substantive or procedural statute. Discussing other statutes may help contextualize the
    difference between substantive and procedural statutes. For example, consider wrongful death cases. \u201cWrongful death is a cause of action created by statute, having no roots in the common law.\u201d8 NRS 41.085 created a substantive right that could be asserted subject to the judiciary\u2019s procedural rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In another example, NRS 11.340 allowed \u201ca plaintiff whose judgment is
    subsequently reversed on appeal with the right to file a new action within one year after the reversal.\u201d9 This statute arguably creates a substantive right for a plaintiff whose statute of limitations has expired to file a new complaint after an unsuccessful appeal. But Berkson v. Lepome concluded
    NRS 11.340 was procedural in nature, violated separation of powers by
    interfering \u201cwith the judiciary\u2019s authority to manage the litigation process\u201d and was unconstitutional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Whitlock v. Salmon addressed tension between NRCP 47(a), stating at the time \u201cthe court shall conduct the examination of prospective jurors and may permit such supplemental examination by counsel as it deems
    proper,\u201d and NRS 16.030(b), which stated \u201cthe parties or their attorneys
    are entitled to conduct supplemental examinations which must not be
    unreasonably restricted.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Whitlock did not perceive the statute as a legislative encroachment on judicial prerogatives. Although the statute does implicate trial procedure, it does not interfere with procedure to a point of disruption or attempted
    abrogation of an existing court rule. Rather, the statute confers a substantive right to reasonable participation in voir dire by counsel; and this court will not attempt to abridge or modify a substantive right.10<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Turning to NRS 52.380, supporters asserted it created or reinforced a
    substantive right to physical integrity. However, to the extent this was NRS
    52.280\u2019s intention, it interferes \u201cwith procedure to a point of disruption\u201d and attempts to abrogate an existing court rule as Whitlock feared. NRS 52.380 does not create or modify any substantive rights. Instead the legislative history indicates the statute\u2019s express purpose was to enact
    a draft of Rule 35 the Supreme Court rejected. In this circumstance, NRS
    52.380 appears unconstitutional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Minutes of Assembly Committee on Judiciary, March 27, 2019, Page 4,
      statement of Graham Galloway.<\/li>
    2. Nev. Const. Art. 3, \u00a7 1.<\/li>
    3. Berkson v. Lepome, 126 Nev. 492, 499 (2010) (quotation omitted).<\/li>
    4. Id.<\/li>
    5. Id.<\/li>
    6. Id.<\/li>
    7. State v. Connery, 99 Nev. 342, 345 (1983).<\/li>
    8. Alsenz v. Clark Cty. Sch. Dist., 109 Nev. 1062, 1064 (1993).<\/li>
    9. Berkson, 126 Nev. at 494.<\/li>
    10. 104 Nev. 24, 26 (1988).<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Michael Lowry, Esq. and Nathaniel Saxe | Nevada Lawyer On March 1, 2019, Nevada\u2019s revised rules of civil procedure took effect after a lengthy editing process. Some of the changes were generally supported, while others were enacted over dissent. In at least one instance, the dissenters took their proposed changes to the subsequent Legislature and… Continue reading May the Nevada Legislature Constitutionally Revise the Rules of Civil Procedure?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[172],"tags":[9895,152,10471],"class_list":["post-897705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-law-2","tag-advise-consult","tag-nevada","tag-rule-of-civil-procedure","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"\nMay the Nevada Legislature Constitutionally Revise the Rules of Civil Procedure? 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