{"id":899923,"date":"2022-05-10T15:14:56","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T21:14:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=899923"},"modified":"2022-05-10T15:14:59","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T21:14:59","slug":"unambiguous-exlusions-enforced","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/unambiguous-exlusions-enforced\/","title":{"rendered":"Montana: Unambiguous Exclusions Enforced Despite Lack of Table of Contents Required Under Statute"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Alicia Gurries | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobadfaith.com\/montana-unambiguous-exclusions-enforced-despite-lack-of-table-of-contents-required-under-statute\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Cozen O&#8217;Connor<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent Supreme Court decision,\u00a0High Country Paving, Inc. v. United Fire &amp; Cas. Co., 2022 MT 72, \u00b6 1, answered in the negative a question certified by a federal district court regarding tensions inherent in Montana\u2019s \u00a0Property and Casualty Insurance Policy Simplification Act (\u201cPSA\u201d).\u00a0 The Ninth Circuit had submitted the following state law question to this Court:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Whether, when an insurance policy does not include either a table of contents or a notice section of important provisions, in violation of Mont. Code Ann. \u00a7 33-15-337(2), the insurer may nonetheless rely on unambiguous exclusions or limitations to the policy\u2019s coverage, given that \u00a7 33-15-334(2) provides that \u00a7 33-15-337(2) is \u201cnot intended to increase the risk assumed under policies subject to\u201d its requirements?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The high court\u2019s \u201cno\u201d response said that failure to meet formatting requirements in the PSA do not expand the risk assumed under a liability policy where <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/design-assist-ambiguous-term-causing-conflict-in-construction-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">unambiguous terms<\/a> define it. \u00a0It, further delineated a boundary to its former holding,\u00a0<em>Mont.<\/em>\u00a0<em>Petroleum Tank Release Comp. Bd. v. Crumleys, Inc.<\/em>, 341 Mont. 33, 174 P.3d 948, 959 (2008) (\u201c<em>Crumleys\u201d)<\/em>, which it distinguished, and which held that an absence of a table of contents listing a contractual limitation period prohibited the insurer from enforcing that limitation. \u00a0The Court indicated that imposing CGL coverage here would represent changing the risk insured, whereas compliance with the contractual limitations provision in\u00a0<em>Crumleys<\/em>\u00a0has no impact on the scope of the underlying risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nobadfaith.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/table-of-conents.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1067\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Factual and Procedural Background<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This coverage dispute arises from an accident involving the transportation of construction equipment with an insured\u2019s truck and trailer.&nbsp; &nbsp;High Country Paving, Inc. (\u201cHigh Country\u201d) purchased a liability insurance policy (the \u201cPolicy\u201d) from United Fire &amp; Casualty Company (\u201cUnited Fire\u201d).&nbsp; The Policy provided commercial general liability (\u201cCGL\u201d) coverage in the amount of $1 million per occurrence; commercial auto liability coverage in the amount of $1 million; and an umbrella policy with coverage in the amount of $2 million.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result of an accident caused by an employee of High Country, one person died and another was critically injured. United Fire asserted there was no coverage for the accident under the CGL policy based on two exclusions: the Aircraft, Auto, or Watercraft exclusion, and the Multiple Liability Coverages Limitation endorsement. &nbsp;Thereafter, over High Country\u2019s objection, United Fire paid the $3 million combined limits of the commercial auto and umbrella policies without a release.&nbsp;United Fire agreed to \u2013 and did \u2013 continue to provide High Country with a defense of the claims against it.&nbsp;High Country then paid an additional $1.275 million to the Claimants to get a release.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>High Country then brought an action against United Fire for breach of contract, which United Fire removed to the United States District Court for the District of Montana.&nbsp; The district court granted partial summary judgment to High Country and partial summary judgment to United Fire. &nbsp;2020 WL 42722.&nbsp; The &nbsp;district court decided that (1) the provisions were unambiguous and excluded coverage, but that (2) the provisions were unenforceable based on a plain reading of&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;Crumleys&nbsp;<\/em>because the provisions were not listed in a table of contents or notice section of important provisions in violation of requirements of the PSA.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both parties appealed. &nbsp;On United Fire\u2019s motion, the Ninth Circuit certified to the Montana Supreme Court the question of whether, when an insurance policy does not include either a table of contents or notice section of important provisions, in violation of state statute, the insurer may nonetheless rely on unambiguous exclusions or limitations to&nbsp;coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;<em>Crumleys<\/em>, the commercial liability policy provision&nbsp;required the insured to report any damage or loss to the insurer within 120 hours of the of the occurrence or loss.&nbsp;<em>Crumleys<\/em>,&nbsp;174&nbsp;P.3d&nbsp;at&nbsp;954. The insured had denied coverage based on the insured\u2019s failure to meet this requirement.&nbsp;<em>Crumleys<\/em>,&nbsp;174&nbsp;P.3d&nbsp;at&nbsp;954.&nbsp; On appeal, the court concluded the provision was void and unenforceable because it was not included in a table of contents or notice section and thus failed to conform with the requirements of the PSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>United Fire argued, and the Montana Supreme Court agreed, that\u00a0<em>Crumleys\u00a0<\/em>was distinguishable from the issue presented under the United Fire Policy because\u00a0<em>Crumleys\u00a0<\/em>concerned a notice provision that did not impact the extent of the risk insured under the policy, while reading the exclusions out of the United Fire Policy would result in a substantively different risk than was contemplated upon the issuance of the Policy.\u00a0 The reason that the scope of the risk was relevant is that the PSA itself \u201cexpressly limits policies subject to its requirements from increased risk.\u201d\u00a0 To invalidate an express exclusion for \u201ca technical violation of the PSA\u2019s requirements\u201d would undermine one of the PSA\u2019s express limitations.\u00a0 Thus, \u201cHigh Country\u2019s coverage unambiguously excludes the risk it now asks this Court to impose upon United Fire\u201d which would \u201cincrease the risk assumed\u201d by United Fire in contravention to the state\u2019s PSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When one of your cases is in need of a construction expert, estimates, insurance appraisal or umpire services in defect or insurance disputes &#8211; please call Advise &amp; Consult, Inc. at 888.684.8305, or email <a href=\"mailto:experts@adviseandconsult.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">experts@adviseandconsult.net<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alicia Gurries | Cozen O&#8217;Connor A recent Supreme Court decision,\u00a0High Country Paving, Inc. v. United Fire &amp; Cas. Co., 2022 MT 72, \u00b6 1, answered in the negative a question certified by a federal district court regarding tensions inherent in Montana\u2019s \u00a0Property and Casualty Insurance Policy Simplification Act (\u201cPSA\u201d).\u00a0 The Ninth Circuit had submitted the&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/unambiguous-exlusions-enforced\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Montana: Unambiguous Exclusions Enforced Despite Lack of Table of Contents Required Under Statute<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10721],"tags":[9895,6198,9293,11676,11677],"class_list":["post-899923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance","tag-advise-consult","tag-insurance-policy","tag-montana","tag-policy-simplification-act","tag-unambiguous-exclusions","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Montana: Unambiguous Exclusions Enforced Despite Lack of Table of Contents Required Under Statute - Advise &amp; 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