{"id":900436,"date":"2022-10-05T14:46:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T20:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=900436"},"modified":"2022-10-05T14:47:06","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T20:47:06","slug":"arbitration-commercial-disputes-great-debate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/arbitration-commercial-disputes-great-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"The Great Debate: Do You Arbitrate Commercial Disputes?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

David Taylor | Bradley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a civil case, is it wiser for a business to try to persuade the counterparty to agree from the outset to arbitration<\/a>\u2014or potentially to place it’s very solvency in the unpredictable hands of a judge and jury?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many “form” commercial contracts contain clauses mandating that any disputes that arise be resolved by binding arbitration rather than a jury or bench trial. Most trial courts, overwhelmed by a flood of cases, regularly enforce arbitration clauses\u2014yet the decision to arbitrate and not litigate is a major business decision that should not be made lightly. Many great lawyers, transactional and litigators alike, vehemently disagree on the merits of arbitration versus litigation, and this debate will surely continue for eons. When advising their clients, lawyers must know in advance what a party will likely get\u2014and not get\u2014by choosing to arbitrate or litigate a commercial contract dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many great lawyers, transactional and litigators alike, vehemently disagree on the merits of arbitration versus litigation, and this debate will surely continue for eons. When advising their clients, lawyers must know in advance what a party will likely get\u2014and not get\u2014by choosing to arbitrate or litigate a commercial contract dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problems with Courtroom Litigation<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The primary reason many businesses\u2014construction entities, say\u2014prefer arbitration is their perception of the legal system\u2019s defects. Few companies that have been through a lawsuit, even one resolved in its favor, would wish to endure it again. Why? Some common problems are inherent to litigation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cost. <\/em>Litigation is time-consuming and expensive. More to the point, while 95% of civil cases settle before trial, settlement usually takes place on the courthouse steps after<\/em> the parties have incurred most of their expenses. Out-of-pocket costs for attorneys, expert witnesses, multiple pretrial depositions, electronic-discovery consultants (those tasked with gathering every pertinent email) and other discovery expenses are considerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In most U.S. jurisdictions, unless the contract contains a provision for attorneys\u2019 fees, such costs are not recoverable even by the victorious party. A company may \u201cwin\u201d its case only to realize that after subtracting lawyer fees and other items, its bottom line is a net-zero \u201crecovery.\u201d Even when a party wins, it faces the question of whether the judgment is collectible. A judgment against a bankrupt or marginally solvent defendant might not be worth the paper on which it\u2019s printed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Litigation also produces substantial soft<\/em> costs. Time is money. In any suit, management and other key employees must devote considerable time to the dispute; forced attention paid to a past job detracts from one\u2019s focus on current jobs and new clients. It also affects the morale of any staffers who feel \u201ctainted\u201d by the whole process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Publicity and public filings. <\/em>Lawsuits can damage reputations and boost one\u2019s competitors. Court filings are public records. Even if frivolous, the mere filing of a lawsuit may make the front page of the local news or be featured in a trade journal, a prominent email chain or an industry blog\u2014whereas the successful defense or dismissal of the claim, sometimes years later, might not get reported at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Court filings and trial testimony, meanwhile, are open to any competitor. In a case involving a claim for lost profits, for instance, the business making the claim may be required to open its tax records to prevail. The parties can agree on protective orders, but even if they do, once such documents are produced, they\u2019re out there for any interested outside party to discover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time.<\/em> Lawsuits can take years<\/em> just to get to trial. After which, of course, the losing party has an automatic right to appeal . . . which might consume years more (and will be expensive). The right to appeal an adverse ruling is a point in favor of litigation\u2014and that right, while time-consuming, can make litigation more predictable. Any smart lawyer who wants to can make the other side wait a long time before paying\u2014which, counterintuitively, may be exactly what your adversary wanted. An otherwise solvent defendant might be able to delay a final hearing for frivolous reasons, and by the time judgment is rendered, that company\u2019s assets are gone or it has filed for bankruptcy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unpredictable results. <\/em>In any court case, there is no way to guarantee what an elected judge (yes, the phenomenon of \u201chome cooking\u201d does exist) or the jury might do. If the case involves complicated facts, expert testimony or industry-specific issues, it\u2019s quite possible that the jury\u2014or even the judge\u2014will get confused and fail to focus on the topics of primary importance, leading to an unfair, inexplicable result. When a company places a substantial legal dispute (somewhat ominously known as a \u201cbet the business case\u201d) solely in the hands of a judge or jury, it\u2019s essentially gambling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pros and Cons of Binding Arbitration<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Predictability. <\/em>Ideally, arbitration is heard by a neutral third party, generally a lawyer, with knowledge of and experience in the specific area of dispute\u2014a construction lawyer, say. Arbitrators do not have to be lawyers but can be (for example) engineers, bankers or developers trained in arbitration. This can eliminate the substantial problems and time required to educate a judge or jury about the nuances of a dispute. Properly selected arbitrators understand and focus on the key material issues and are not easily swayed by lawyers\u2019 emotional arguments or \u201cexpert\u201d witnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because arbitrators are paid, they tend to pay closer attention to the proceedings and are likelier to care more about reaching the right outcome. Arbitration is also less formal; the official rules of evidence and procedure might not be strictly followed, ensuring that the focus can be on the facts and testimony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time.<\/em> Because there\u2019s no crowded court docket competing for attention, arbitration hearings can often be scheduled within months, not years. Even when millions of dollars are at stake, hearings can commence more quickly than in court, where criminal trials take priority over civil ones, especially in federal court. In general, one day of an arbitration hearing equals two or three days of trial. Grounds for appealing an arbitration award are also circumscribed, so finality is the rule rather than the exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Costs. <\/em>Arbitration is less expensive than litigation, which is often criticized for the time and expense of pretrial discovery. As such, it\u2019s significant that with a few exceptions, arbitration limits discovery. The lack of multiple pre-hearing motions and limited pre-hearing depositions, as well as the finality of the award, substantially reduce attorneys\u2019 fees and overall costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One caveat: Unlike in court, the parties must pay for arbitration. There are initial filing fees based on the amount of the claim, and arbitrators typically charge hourly rates that must be paid in full prior to any hearing. This adds up: Do the math on $500 an hour for three arbitrators over 10 days of hearings. However, the cost of prolonged personal involvement by key company employees can accordingly be minimized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Privacy.<\/em> Unlike courtroom litigation, arbitration is private and confidential. The proceedings are not public records; arbitrators maintain the privacy of the hearings unless some statute mandates to the contrary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Arbitration is not a panacea, nor it is always the right choice. All its pros come paired with a con. If a loss in a dispute might put the business under, sticking to litigation (with the right to conduct full-blown discovery and the right to appeal) may be the better choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An arbitration clause\u2014there are plenty of in-depth articles about how best to draft one\u2014is, after all, a contract clause that can reflect the specifics of the deal and lay out how, should a dispute arise, the arbitration will be conducted. Any commercial contract must discuss and analyze the many pros and cons of including an arbitration clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even absent such a clause, after a dispute emerges, the parties should not blindly charge into litigation but rather discuss the possibility of arbitration. The bottom line: If the dispute can be resolved through arbitration or some other means of resolution (including nonbinding mediation), any company can be assured of proceedings that will, in many instances, be faster, more predictable, confidential and less expensive than a trip to court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

When one of your cases is in need of a construction expert, estimates, insurance appraisal or umpire services in defect or insurance disputes – please call Advise & Consult, Inc. at 888.684.8305, or email experts@adviseandconsult.net<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

David Taylor | Bradley In a civil case, is it wiser for a business to try to persuade the counterparty to agree from the outset to arbitration\u2014or potentially to place it’s very solvency in the unpredictable hands of a judge and jury? 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