{"id":901301,"date":"2023-06-15T14:17:56","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T20:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=901301"},"modified":"2023-06-15T14:18:01","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T20:18:01","slug":"subrogation-101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/subrogation-101\/","title":{"rendered":"Subrogation 101 (and Why Should I Care?)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Clark Thiel and Alexis N. Wansac | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gravel2gavel.com\/subrogation-101-construction\/?utm_source=Gravel2Gavel&amp;utm_campaign=48b1291d02-jwfeeds_2023-06-07&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_16ea4bd47e-48b1291d02-116724781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Gravel2Gavel<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is subrogation? Why am I being asked to waive it? Should I care? To answer that last question, let\u2019s take a quick run at the first two.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What Is Subrogation?<br><\/strong>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/subrogation-negotiating-tactics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Subrogation<\/a>\u201d refers to the act of one person or party standing in the place of another person or party. It is a legal right held by most insurance carriers to pursue a third party that caused an insurance loss in order to recover the amount the insurance carrier paid \u00a0the insured to cover the loss. This occurs when (i) the insurance carrier makes a payment on behalf of its insured as the result of a covered accident or injury, and then (ii) the insurer then seeks repayment from the at-fault party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why Would I Waive Subrogation Rights?<br><\/strong>Let\u2019s start with an example of subrogation in the construction context:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An owner hires a general contractor to build a multistory building.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The contract between the owner and general contractor contains a waiver of subrogation clause stating that\u2014if the building is damaged and that damage is covered by insurance\u2014the owner and general contractor waive all rights against each other regarding the damage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The general contractor hires subcontractors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The contract between the general contractor and subcontractor contains a waiver of subrogation similar to the one between the owner and the general contractor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While still under construction, the building is set aflame by the carelessness of a subcontractor\u2019s employee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the owner has an insurance policy in place which permits the insured (the owner) to waive subrogation rights in writing prior to a loss, then the owner\u2019s insurer is obligated to pay for the damage caused by the fire (even though it was started by the subcontractor).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The insurer cannot, in these circumstances, recover the money it paid to the owner from the general contractor or the negligent subcontractor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This, of course,\u00a0benefits insureds\u00a0by shifting risk from the parties to the insurance company\u2014which has collected premiums in exchange for assuming that risk\u2014and shields the parties from having the insurance company later pass the risk of loss back to them. From a purely economic perspective, a waiver of subrogation rights recognizes that it is inefficient for multiple parties to a contract to insure against the same risk. Rather, with the effective use of subrogation waivers, the cost of one insurance policy can be allocated among the various parties exposed to a common covered risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What Does It Mean for an Insurance Carrier?<br><\/strong>Since the insurance company \u201csteps into the shoes\u201d of its insured, the insurance company can have no greater rights than those of its policyholder. Thus, if the policyholder has previously waived certain claims, the insurance company cannot later revive them. But \u2026 always check your insurance policy, local law and consult with an attorney regarding your right to waive subrogation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Some courts have held that it is inequitable to bind an insurance company to an agreement it did not join. Such courts therefore require notice or consent of the insurer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other courts have held that where the policyholder has waived its cause of action, the insurer\u2019s ability to bring a subrogation claim was also waived, regardless of notice or consent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some state laws limit the validity of subrogation waivers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, insurers may try to protect themselves against a policyholder unilaterally wiping out their subrogation rights. Insurers might protect themselves by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inserting an exclusion into their policies that permits the insurance company to deny coverage if an insured has waived the insurer\u2019s subrogation rights;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raising premiums to offset outlays incurred from the loss of their subrogation rights;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inquiring whether a potential insured has already waived any subrogation rights;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requiring insureds to warrant at the time a policy is issued that the insured has not, and will not, waive the insurance company\u2019s subrogation rights; and\/or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obtaining reinsurance to cover any subrogation waivers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What Can I Do to Protect Myself, and How Does This Affect the Policyholder?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>If you\u2019re the insured\u2026<br><\/em><\/strong>Technically, a waiver of subrogation rights should mean&nbsp;<em>nothing&nbsp;<\/em>but good things (fewer lawsuits, allocated risk, economic advantages) to the policyholder. The right of subrogation belongs to the insurance company, not the insured. The insured only waives or releases (the insurance company\u2019s) potential claims. An insurer\u2019s right to recover is entirely dependent on the insured\u2019s right to recover. Because a release or waiver of that right to recover is independent of any right of subrogation an insurance carrier may have, the insurer loses its ability to recover from the wrongdoer when the policyholder waives or releases its own claim against that wrongdoer. The right of subrogation \u201cowned\u201d by an insurer comes only because, when it pays out on a claim, it \u201cbuys\u201d its insured\u2019s claim, but only if any such claim exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But make sure that you read your insurance contract carefully. Consider the\u00a0scope of the waiver. Be certain that you are only waiving rights if the policy does not bar such a waiver, and only to the extent money has actually been paid by the insurance company. The waiver should not include deductibles or self-insured retentions, which are borne by the policyholder. For a waiving party to make sure that it hasn\u2019t invalidated its own insurance coverage, it has to make sure its insurance policy allows it to waive or release those claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>If you\u2019re a released party\u2026<br><\/em><\/strong>If you\u2019re not the insured but are instead a party released by waiver of subrogation, keep in mind that the policyholder who has been paid for its loss (that you caused) through insurance cannot also recover those sums from you. The insurer who has paid out on a claim also has no right of recourse against you. And therefore, you do not need to have your own insurance protect you against that same risk. This is not against public policy since (i) the injured party has been fully compensated; (ii) the party at fault is (indirectly) insured against the loss; (iii) the insurance company provided only the coverage it agreed to provide under the policy (assuming there is no contractual bar against such a waiver); and (iv) the waiver of subrogation rights has no bearing on uninsured losses. Also keep in mind that is not always necessary to be a party to contract to claim its benefits. Other parties that might benefit include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Owners, agents, employees, successors and assigns<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and laborers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Architects, engineers and other design professionals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unaffiliated third parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>That said, you&nbsp;<em>must<\/em>&nbsp;be someone whom the parties intended to benefit from the waiver. And if you want the releasing party to have insurance in force, make sure the other party has a policy that allows the claims to be released.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Regardless, Make Sure the Waiver of Subrogation Clause Is Written Clearly and Fully<br><\/strong>Another example. Consider the following language from a Waiver of Rights clause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Waiver of Rights<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong>&nbsp;Owner and Contractor hereby waive all rights each might have against the other for damages caused at or in connection with the Project by fire or other perils to the extent covered by insurance, except such rights as they may have to the proceeds of such insurance. Contractor shall require, by appropriate agreement, written where legally required for validity, similar waivers&nbsp;in favor of itself and Owner by subcontractors and sub-subcontractors. With respect to the waiver of rights of recovery, the term \u201cOwner\u201d shall be deemed to include, to the extent by property insurance applicable thereto, its consultants, employees and agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All policies of insurance maintained by Owner and Contractor with respect to the Project shall contain provisions whereby the insurer waives its right of subrogation with respect to losses payable under such policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guess who wasn\u2019t covered by this clause but thought that they were? The subcontractor. Guess who the insurance company sued when a subcontractor\u2019s fire suppression system failed and flooded a building? Yes, the subcontractor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the Michigan Court of Appeals explained in<em>\u00a0Michigan Ins. Co. v. Grand Rapids Fire Prot., Inc.<\/em>, \u201cthe trial court held that the language in the waiver-of-rights clause did not create a waiver of subrogation to be applied as between [Owner] and defendant [Subcontractor]. Instead, the trial court held that the \u2018language protects [Owner] and [Contractor] from claims by subcontractors, but does not preclude claims against subcontractors.\u2019 The trial court\u2019s assertion was correct[.]\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The court further explained that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the clear language of the contract, [Owner] and [Contractor] agreed to \u2018waive all rights each might have against the other for damages caused at or in connection with the Project.\u2019 Accordingly, this portion of the waiver applied solely to [Owner] and [Contractor]. Next, the clause states that [Contractor] \u2018shall require, by appropriate agreement, written where legally required for validity, similar waivers in favor of itself and [Owner] by subcontractors and sub-subcontractors.\u2019 From this language, [Owner] and [Contractor] agreed to have similar waivers of rights in favor of themselves [\u2026] [and] waived their rights as to one another and agreed to have any subcontractors waive its rights against [Owner] and [Contractor]. It did not, however, waive [Owner\u2019s] or [Contractor\u2019s] rights against any subcontractors. The waiver-of-rights clause serves to protect [Owner] and [Contractor] from each other as well as subcontractors, but contrary to the assertions of defendant [Subcontractor], the clear language of the waiver-of-rights clause did not serve to protect the subcontractors from claims by [Owner] or [Contractor].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is strong medicine. The subcontractor\u2014believing it was fully protected by the language of the waiver\u2014was ordered to pay almost $200,000 in damages. While in the world of large-scale construction this is not the largest sum, the results have been much, much worse in other cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In Ending<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep in mind that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Waiver of subrogation is a common feature in construction contracts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These clauses are infrequently given much (or appropriate) consideration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These clauses should be written clearly and unambiguously.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In preparing construction contracts, you should consult local law (and a qualified insurance coverage lawyer),\u00a0your risk management department,\u00a0<em>and<\/em>\u00a0your insurance advisor, to ensure that you get the benefit of the deal you intended to make, and do not give your insurer an unintended \u201cout.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When one of your cases is in need of a construction expert, estimates, insurance appraisal or umpire services in defect or insurance disputes &#8211; please call Advise &amp; Consult, Inc. at 888.684.8305, or email <a href=\"mailto:experts@adviseandconsult.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">experts@adviseandconsult.net<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clark Thiel and Alexis N. Wansac | Gravel2Gavel What is subrogation? Why am I being asked to waive it? Should I care? To answer that last question, let\u2019s take a quick run at the first two. What Is Subrogation?\u201cSubrogation\u201d refers to the act of one person or party standing in the place of another person&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/subrogation-101\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Subrogation 101 (and Why Should I Care?)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10721],"tags":[9895,22,233],"class_list":["post-901301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance","tag-advise-consult","tag-insurance","tag-subrogation","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Subrogation 101 (and Why Should I Care?) - Advise &amp; 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