{"id":903345,"date":"2024-09-25T15:58:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T21:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=903345"},"modified":"2024-09-25T15:58:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T21:58:02","slug":"contractor-word-of-the-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/contractor-word-of-the-day\/","title":{"rendered":"Word of the Day: \u201cContractor\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Garret Murai | <a href=\"https:\/\/calconstructionlawblog.com\/2024\/09\/10\/word-of-the-day-contractor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">California Construction Law Blog<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s in a word? When it comes to insurance policies, a word, can potentially mean millions of dollars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_case?case=5801120887539053643&amp;q=California+Specialty+Insulation+v.+Allied+World+Surplus&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=4,5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><em>California Specialty Insulation, Inc. v. Allied World Surplus Lines Insurance Company<\/em><\/a>, 102 Cal.App.5th 1 (2024), an insured and its insurer battled it out over the word \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/construction-contract-arbitration-successfully-arguing-modification\/\">contractor<\/a>,\u201d and whether an exclusion from coverage of bodily injury to any employee or temporary worker \u201cof any contractor or subcontractor,\u201d excluded a personal injury claim brought by an employee of a general contractor against a subcontractor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The California Specialty Contractor Case<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2017, Air Control Systems, Inc. (\u201cAir Control\u201d) was contracted to perform improvements at a building in Los Angeles, California. Air Control in turn subcontracted with &nbsp;California Specialty Insulation, Inc. (\u201cCSI\u201d) to install duct insulation on the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During construction, an employee of Air Control was injured when he fell 16 to 20 feet from a ladder that was struck by a scissor lift driven by an employee of CSI. Approximately two years later the Air Control employee filed a personal injury lawsuit against CSI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Upon receipt of the lawsuit, CSI tendered the claim to its commercial general liability carrier Allied World Surplus Lines Insurance Company (\u201cAllied World\u201d). Allied Word accepted defense without a reservation of rights , but later denied coverage, on the ground that the claim was not covered under the policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2021, CSI filed a declaratory relief lawsuit against Allied World claiming that, under the policy, Allied had a duty to defend and indemnify CSI from and against the lawsuit filed the Air Control employee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At issue was an endorsement to the policy titled \u201cBodily Injury to Any Employee or Temporary Worker of Contractors Exclusion.\u201d The endorsement provided that there was no coverage for \u201c<em>\u2018Bodily Injury\u2019 . . . to any \u2019employee\u2019 or \u2018temporary worker\u2019 of any contractor or subcontractor arising out of or in the course of the rendering or performing services of any kind or nature by such contractor or subcontractor.<\/em>\u201d The term \u201ccontractor\u201d was not defined in the endorsement or the policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Allied World, the endorsement removed coverage for bodily injury suffered by an employee of \u201cany contractor\u201d including the employee of a contractor such as Air Control. CSI, on the other hand, claimed that the endorsement only removed coverage for bodily injury suffered by one of its own employees or an employee of one of its subcontractors, and since Air Control was a higher-tiered contractor, the exclusion did not apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both parties filed motions for summary judgment and the trial court sided with CSI finding the terms \u201ccontractor\u201d and \u201csubcontractor\u201d to be ambiguous and that Allied World\u2019s interpretation was not in line with CSI\u2019s reasonable expectations. Allied World appealed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Court of Appeal Decision<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On appeal, the Court of Appeal explained that they review rulings on summary judgment de novo without deference to the trial court ruling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With respect to interpretations of insurance policies, the Court of Appeal explained that they are guided by certain well established rules. These include the rule that \u201cif &nbsp;contractual language is clear and explicit, it governs\u201d, but if the terms are ambiguous, they are interpreted to protect \u201cthe objectively reasonable expectations of the insured.\u201d \u201cOnly if these rules do not resolve a claimed ambiguity,\u201d explained the Court of Appeal, \u201cdo we resort to the rule that ambiguities are to be resolved against the insurer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court of Appeal further noted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>To further ensure that coverage conforms fully to the objectively reasonable expectations of the insured, the corollary rule of interpretation has developed that, in cases of ambiguity, basic coverage provisions are construed broadly in favor of affording protection, but clauses setting forth specific exclusions from coverage are interpreted narrowly against the insurer. The insured has the burden of establishing that a claim, unless specifically excluded, is within basic coverage ,while the insure has the burden of establishing that a specific exclusion applies.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, explained the Court of Appeal, Allied World relying on the dictionary definition of \u201ccontractor\u201d contends that the term \u201ccontractor\u201d as used in the endorsement unambiguously means anyone who has \u201ccontracted to work on a construction project\u201d, while CSI argues that the term \u201ccontractor\u201d can also just as reasonably be read as \u201canyone hired by the insured pursuant to contract.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Underscoring the often technical nature of contract interpretation issues, Allied World noted that the endorsement includes the modifier \u201cany\u201d before the word \u201ccontractor\u201d and that its placement before the term \u201ccontractor\u201d establishes that the exclusion \u201cis not a limited subset of contractors, such as those hired by CSI\u201d but rather \u201cevery contractor\u201d or \u201call contractors\u201d irrespective of whether they were hired by CSI or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not so fast held the Court of Appeal. While \u201cAllied World is correct that the phrase \u2018<em>any<\/em>&nbsp;contractor\u2019 is interchangeable with \u2018<em>every<\/em>&nbsp;contractor\u2019 and \u2018<em>all<\/em>&nbsp;contractors\u2019 . . . none of these phrases helps resolve the ambiguity in so far as the term \u2018contractor\u2019 remains undefined and subject to multiple reasonable interpretations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Having found the term \u201ccontractor\u201d to be ambiguous the Court of Appeal next looked at what interpretation would protect the insured (CSI\u2019s) objectively reasonable interpretation and, here, it agreed that construing the term \u201ccontractor\u201d more narrowly as suggested by CSI protected the objectively reasonable interests of CSI:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>As noted, CSI contends the term \u201ccontractor\u201d means anyone CSI hired other than its employees. CSI contends this narrower reading of the term best aligns with its objectively reasonable expectations as the insured. Namely, CSI explains that in purchasing the policy it expected to be \u201cprotected from liability for accidental bodily injury arising out of the conduct of its insulation business, unless the injury was sustained either by a CSI employee or by an employee of a CSI contractor.\u201d For the uncovered injuries, CSI notes, it maintained workers\u2019 compensation insurance and had the ability to require the same form of insurance be maintained by anyone it hired to perform work on its behalf. In contrast, CSI continues, it \u201ccould not exercise the same control over all contractors in the world and thus had no objectively reasonable expectation that injuries to contractors unrelated to CSI would be excluded from coverage.\u201d CSI contends these expectations are consistent with, and supported by, the purpose of commercial general liability insurance.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>In sum, held the Court of Appeal, based on the reasonable expectations of the insured, \u201ccontractor,\u201d as it is used in the endorsement, means \u201canyone hired by the insured pursuant to contract,\u201d or more simply, \u201cCSI\u2019s contractor.\u201d Under this definition, the Air Control employee was not a contractor\u2019s employee because \u201cCSI did not hire his employer, Air Control.\u201d Therefore, the exclusion does not apply to preclude Allied World\u2019s defense and coverage obligations for purposes of the negligence claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>So there you have it. A good summary of the rules applying to interpretation of insurance policies, as well as a front row seat (sort of), of how technical the arguments can get when parties are arguing different interpretations of policy terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>When one of your cases is in need of a construction expert, estimates, insurance appraisal or umpire services in defect or insurance disputes &#8211; please call Advise &amp; Consult, Inc. at 888.684.8305, or email <a href=\"mailto:experts@adviseandconsult.net\">experts@adviseandconsult.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Garret Murai | California Construction Law Blog What\u2019s in a word? When it comes to insurance policies, a word, can potentially mean millions of dollars. In\u00a0California Specialty Insulation, Inc. v. Allied World Surplus Lines Insurance Company, 102 Cal.App.5th 1 (2024), an insured and its insurer battled it out over the word \u201ccontractor,\u201d and whether an&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/contractor-word-of-the-day\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Word of the Day: \u201cContractor\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10721],"tags":[9895,18,22],"class_list":["post-903345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance","tag-advise-consult","tag-contractor","tag-insurance","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Word of the Day: \u201cContractor\u201d - Advise &amp; Consult, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What\u2019s in a word? 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