{"id":903833,"date":"2025-01-16T16:15:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T23:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/?p=903833"},"modified":"2025-01-16T16:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T23:15:25","slug":"escape-clause-kentucky-supreme-court-overturns-meaning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/escape-clause-kentucky-supreme-court-overturns-meaning\/","title":{"rendered":"Kentucky Supreme Court Overturns Escape Clause Meaning, Affirms Roof Collapse"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>William Rabb | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insurancejournal.com\/news\/southeast\/2024\/12\/23\/805730.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Insurance Journal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two Kentucky Supreme Court rulings handed down last week emphasize how important it can be to have clearly worded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/exclusions-construction-insurance-policies\/\">insurance policies<\/a>, including exclusions and excess and escape clauses, particularly in high-dollar commercial coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Motorists Mutual Insurance Co. vs. First Specialty Insurance Corp., the high court split the difference on conflicting policies held by a contractor and an apartment complex \u2013 requiring both insurers to pay equally after a child was run over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision overturned a court ruling that had been a guidepost on escape clauses for almost three decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u2026We reverse the Court of Appeals\u2019 opinion holding that First Specialty\u2019s \u2018other insurance\u2019 provision was a nonstandard escape clause, overrule\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/empire-fire-and-marine-ins-v-haddix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Haddix<\/a>, and hold First Specialty\u2019s and Motorists\u2019 \u2018other insurance\u2019 provisions are mutually repugnant excess clauses,\u201d Chief Justice Laurance VanMeter wrote in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insurancejournal.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Motorists-Mutual-opinion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Dec. 19 opinion<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The appeal came out of the tragic death of a 5-year-old child in 2016 at a Louisville apartment complex. The child was riding his bicycle when he was hit by a truck driven by an employee of Alltrade, which held the service contract on the Whispering Brook complex, according to the court decision and local news reports at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The apartment service agreement called for Whispering Brook to indemnify Alltrade and hold it harmless for all liability. The apartment company\u2019s commercial general liability policy was written by First Specialty. The policy, however, also noted that its coverage was to be considered excess coverage, \u201cover any other insurance.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Alltrade\u2019s commercial liability, written by Motorists Mutual, also provided that, \u201cfor any covered \u2018auto\u2019 you don\u2019t own, the insurance provided by this coverage form is excess over any other collectible insurance.\u201d First Specialty\u2019s policy had a non-owned auto endorsement that provided $1 million in coverage. Motorists\u2019 policy provided $1 million in business auto coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The family of the child filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the apartment owner and the contractor. Motorists Mutual asked the trial court in Jefferson County to determine which policy should pay first. The circuit court judge found that the excess clauses in both policies were mutually repugnant, so both insurers must contribute equal amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the wrongful death suit settled, First Specialty appealed the trial court\u2019s split-the-baby decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Kentucky Court of Appeals reversed the trial judge\u2019s ruling, finding that First Specialty\u2019s \u201cother insurance\u201d section was really a \u201cnonstandard escape clause,\u201d as established by the Empire Fire &amp; Marine Insurance v. Haddix ruling in 1996. The appellate court ordered Motorists to provide primary coverage and the apartments\u2019 First Specialty policy to provide only the excess coverage, the court explained. Motorists Mutual then appealed to the state Supreme Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because Motorists did not file a cross appeal at the appellate court level and did not fully raise the issue of the apartments\u2019 indemnification obligation, the high court justices declined to tackle that aspect of the case. But on other points, the court agreed with Motorists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The justices explained that excess clauses and escape clauses are different animals. An excess clause notes that the insurer will pay for a loss only after primary coverage from another insurer has been exhausted. An escape clause denies liability altogether if other insurance is available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nonstandard escape clause, as the apartments\u2019 First Specialty argued, would nail it down further: It denies liability if other coverage is available \u2013 whether the other coverage is considered primary, excess, or other coverage. The clause seeks to avoid confusion when another policy has an excess coverage requirement, the court explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Kentucky case law, when one policy includes a nonstandard escape and the other has an excess clause, the one with the excess clause bears primary liability for the loss, the justices noted. But when both policies have similar excess clauses, they usually cancel each other out and the insurers must share the responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrary to First Specialty\u2019s and the appellate court\u2019s reasoning, the high court decided that First Specialty\u2019s clause was not a nonstandard escape, after all. It did not&nbsp;<em>deny coverage altogether<\/em>&nbsp;when other insurance is available. The policy said only that it was excess coverage over \u201cany of the other insurance, whether primary, excess, contingent or any other basis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To reach their conclusion, the justices had to shake up years of practice. The 1996 Haddix ruling had held that an \u201cother insurance\u201d provision that included the phrase \u201cwhether primary, excess, contingent, or any other basis\u201d was to be deemed a nonstandard escape clause. But that Haddix ruling now appears to conflict with another Kentucky Supreme Court decision, known as Kentucky Farm Bureau vs. Shelter Mutual Insurance. The 2010 Shelter ruling spelled out that conflicting policies are mutually repugnant when they are indistinguishable in meaning, as were the excess clauses in the policies in this case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three justices concurred in the opinion and three others dissented in part. Attorneys for both insurers could not be reached for comment for this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The \u2018Non-Collapsed\u2019 Church Roof Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, in another insurance decision posted the same day, the state high court found that a State Auto Property &amp; Casualty policy was ambiguous, and coverage was due for a 120-year-old church that saw part of its roof collapse in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>State Auto, now part of Liberty Mutual insurance, had denied the church\u2019s claim, arguing that the incident, which came during a re-roofing, did not meet the definition of a collapse under the policy terms. A trial court in Muhlenberg County granted summary judgment for the insurer, agreeing that two previous court rulings had established the limits of a collapsed roof in insurance policies: The church incident had not produced \u201crubble on the ground.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Greenville Cumberland Presbyterian Church appealed. An engineer had determined that the trusses were decayed from years of water leaks and insects. As the trusses fell, church workers attempted to brace the structure, but it was not enough. The walls bowed outward and the church later had to be demolished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The appeals court agreed with the church\u2019s attorneys and found that the court-established definition does not, in fact, require rubble to fall to the ground. The policy wording also was not clear on the meaning of \u201ccollapse\u201d and the church\u2019s duty to mitigate damage, so the policy must be read in favor of the insured, the judges said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court affirmed, declaring that the policy covered the collapse of any part of the building. The opinion\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insurancejournal.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/State-Auto-opinion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">can be seen here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The case was considered to be of some importance to insurers. The Kentucky Defense Counsel, representing insurance interests, had filed an amicus brief to the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When one of your cases is in need of a construction expert, estimates, insurance appraisal or umpire services in defect or insurance disputes &#8211; please call Advise &amp; Consult, Inc. at 888.684.8305, or email <a href=\"mailto:experts@adviseandconsult.net\">experts@adviseandconsult.net<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>William Rabb | Insurance Journal Two Kentucky Supreme Court rulings handed down last week emphasize how important it can be to have clearly worded insurance policies, including exclusions and excess and escape clauses, particularly in high-dollar commercial coverage. In Motorists Mutual Insurance Co. vs. First Specialty Insurance Corp., the high court split the difference on&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myconstructionexpert.com\/blog\/escape-clause-kentucky-supreme-court-overturns-meaning\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kentucky Supreme Court Overturns Escape Clause Meaning, Affirms Roof Collapse<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10721],"tags":[9895,12122,22,10516],"class_list":["post-903833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance","tag-advise-consult","tag-escape-clause","tag-insurance","tag-insurance-policies","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kentucky Supreme Court Overturns Escape Clause Meaning, Affirms Roof Collapse - Advise &amp; 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